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2.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 29(4): 199-203, out./dez. 2022. il.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1427150

ABSTRACT

A cinomose é uma enfermidade causada pelo vírus Canine Distemper Virus (CDV). Essa doença afeta principalmente cães, mas também acomete outras espécies domésticas e selvagens. A imunidade do animal está relacionada ao grau que a esse patógeno vai atingir o organismo do indivíduo. Ela afeta a respiração do animal, pode causar vômito, diarreia, convulsões, podendo levar o animal à óbito. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi padronizar um teste ELISA indireto com antígeno de superfície para o diagnostico cinomose utilizando amostras de soro canino. Para padronização da técnica, fez-se necessário o estudo da diluição do antígeno para identificar a melhor concentração para sensibilização da placa. O teste foi aplicado primeiramente com diferentes diluições do antígeno para detecção do melhor desempenho do antígeno. Feito isso, foi testado em um banco de soro de 45 animais comprovadamente positivos no teste ELISA comercial e em soro de 45 animais comprovadamente negativos no teste ELISA comercial, posteriormente foi calculado o ponto de corte, especificidade e sensibilidade do teste. O teste ELISA indireto se mostrou com excelência como um teste de diagnóstico para a cinomose canina, obtendo-se ponto de corte de densidade óptica de 0,229, sensibilidade de 95,5% e especificidade de 84,4%.


Distemper is a disease or the disease by the CDV virus, Distemper Virus. This disease mainly affects dogs, but also affects other domestic and wild species. The animal's immunity is related to the degree to which it will reach the individual's organism. It affects the animal's breathing, can cause vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, and can lead to death. The aim of the present work test was to standardize an indirect ELISA for distemper diagnosis in experiments using a surface antigen. For the study of technical identification, it was necessary to specify the antigen for the best concentration of plaque sensitization. The test was initially applied with different dilutions of the antigen to detect the best performance of the antigen. This was tested in a serum bank of 45 animals proven positive in the commercial ELISA test and in the serum of 45 animals proven negative in the commercial ELISA test, later it was tested on the cut-off point, specificity and sensitivity of the test. The indirect ELISA test proved to be excellent as a diagnostic test for canine distemper, with an optical density cut-off of 0.229, sensitivity of 95.5% and specificity of 84.4% being obtained.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Immunologic Tests/veterinary , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures/veterinary , Distemper/diagnosis , Distemper Virus, Canine , Dogs/immunology , Antigens, Viral/analysis
3.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 90(1): 36-43, ene.-jun. 2022. ilus, tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BIMENA | ID: biblio-1393213

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: No conocemos datos sobre evaluación de pruebas inmunológicas para mejorar el diagnóstico de Giardia duodenalis y Cryptosporidium spp., agentes etiológicos de diarrea de importancia mundial, en Honduras. Objetivos: Comparar dos pruebas inmunológicas para el diagnóstico de Giardia y Cryptosporidium spp. con microscopía de rutina y determinar su aplicabilidad local. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal. En 2013, 134 muestras de heces recibidas en el Servicio de Parasitología del Hospital Escuela (HE) y 67 muestras del Centro de Salud Alonso Suazo (CSAS) se analizaron con una Prueba Rápida Inmunocromatográfica (PDR). En 2019-2020, 60 muestras de heces del HE se analizaron con una prueba inmunoenzimática ELISA. El protocolo de rutina incluyó examen directo en solución salina y solución de Lugol, coloración tricrómica y coloración ácido resistente modificada (ARM) (HE) y examen directo en solución salina y solución de Lugol (CSAS). Resultados: Cada prueba inmunológica mostró mayor positividad que la microscopía: en 134 muestras del HE para Giardia (6.7% vs 4.5%) y Cryptosporidium (3.7% vs 0.7%), similar en 67 muestras del CSAS (14.9% vs 7.5% para Giardia; 0.7% para Cryptosporidium con la prueba inmunológica). De 60 muestras analizadas por ELISA en HE, 31.7% fue positiva por Giardia vs 18.3% en examen directo y 23.3% en coloración tricrómica; 6.7% positiva por Cryptosporidium spp. vs 3.3% por coloración ARM. Discusión: Pruebas inmunológicas aumentaron significativamente el diagnóstico de ambas parasitosis; sin embargo, publicaciones sobre pruebas similares ofrecieron resultados no concluyentes. Por costo elevado podrían reservarse para pacientes pediátricos, pacientes inmunocomprometidos en hospitales, complementando microscopía. Los laboratorios de salud deben fortalecer capacidad diagnóstica...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Immunologic Tests/methods , Giardiasis/parasitology , Giardia lamblia/isolation & purification , Cryptosporidiosis/diagnosis , Cryptosporidium/isolation & purification , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Cross-Sectional Studies , Giardiasis/epidemiology , Cryptosporidiosis/epidemiology , Diarrhea/parasitology , Honduras/epidemiology
4.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 81: e37165, mar.1, 2022. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, CONASS, ColecionaSUS, SES-SP, VETINDEX, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: biblio-1393020

ABSTRACT

The standardization and validation of a multiplex assay requires the combination of important parameters such as sensitivity and specificity, acceptable levels of performance, robustness, and reproducibility. We standardized a multiparametric Dot-blot aimed at the serological screening of paracoccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and aspergillosis. A total of 148 serum were evaluated: 10 from healthy subjects, 36 from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis, 62 from patients with histoplasmosis, and 40 from patients with aspergillosis. It was found that the multiparametric Dot-blot showed a high percentage of cross-reactivity. However, when evaluated individually, in the serological screening of histoplasmosis, a good performance was observed when compared to the double immunodiffusion assay, considered the gold standard test, with 100% co-positivity and 83.3% co-negativity. The performance of serological screening for aspergillosis was not satisfactory when compared to double immunodiffusion, showing 71.4% co-positivity and 100% co-negativity. The evaluation of the stability of nitrocellulose membranes showed that membranes sensitized with H. capsulatum antigen remained stable for 90 days and those sensitized with A. fumigatus antigen for 30 days. We conclude that the use of crude antigens was not suitable for the standardization of the multiparametric Dot-blot assay, due to the high cross-reactivity, and that further tests should be performed with purified proteins (AU).


A padronização e validação de um ensaio multiplex requer a combinação de parâmetros importantes, como sensibilidade e especificidade, níveis aceitáveis de desempenho, robustez e reprodutibilidade. Este trabalho padronizou um Dot-blot multiparamétrico visando a triagem sorológica da paracoccidioidomicose, histoplasmose e aspergilose. Foram avaliadas 148 amostras de soro: 10 de indivíduos saudáveis, 36 de pacientes com paracoccidioidomicose, 62 de pacientes com histoplasmose e 40 de pacientes com aspergilose. Verificou-se que o Dot-blot multiparamétrico apresentou elevado percentual de reatividade cruzada. Entretanto, quando avaliado individualmente, na triagem sorológica da histoplasmose observou-se bom desempenho quando comparado ao ensaio de imunodifusão dupla, considerado o teste padrão ouro, com 100% de co-positividade e 83,3% de co-negatividade. O desempenho da triagem sorológica da aspergilose não foi satisfatório quando comparado a imunodifusão dupla, apresentando 71,4% de co-positividade e 100% de co-negatividade. A avaliação da estabilidade das membranas de nitrocelulose mostrou que membranas sensibilizadas com antígeno de H. capsulatum permaneceram estáveis por 90 dias e as sensibilizadas com antígeno de A. fumigatus, por 30 dias. Concluímos que o uso de antígenos brutos não foi adequado para a padronização do ensaio de Dot-blot multiparamétrico, devido ao alto índice de reatividade cruzada, e que novos testes devem ser realizados com proteínas purificadas (AU).


Subject(s)
Paracoccidioidomycosis , Aspergillosis , Reference Standards , Immunologic Tests , Public Health , Methodology as a Subject , Histoplasmosis , Mycoses/diagnosis
5.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2022. 185 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, InstitutionalDB, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1428081

ABSTRACT

A plataforma de ELISA (ensaio de imunoabsorção por ligação enzimática) tem sido amplamente utilizada para detectar anticorpos anti-SARS-CoV-2 gerados após a exposição ao vírus ou à vacinação. A amostra comumente utilizada para a realização do teste é o soro. Até o momento, nenhum estudo havia investigado a urina do paciente como amostra para detectar anticorpos específicos para o vírus SARS-CoV-2. A urina é um espécime biológico que traz vantagens significativas inerentes ao tipo de amostra, que compreende coleta não invasiva, de fácil manuseio e armazenamento. Neste trabalho, propomos um ELISA indireto in house baseado no uso de urina e proteínas recombinantes do Nucleocapsídeo (N) ou da Spike (S) do vírus SARS-CoV-2. As proteínas recombinantes (r) de SARS-CoV-2, N e as subunidades da proteína S (S-Glic, S1-NGlic e RBD-NGlic), foram avaliadas usando um painel composto por aproximadamente 200 amostras de urina e de soro. A presença de anticorpos anti-SARS-CoV-2 na urina foi detectada com sensibilidade e especificidade similares ou superiores ao soro, nas quais foram obtidos valores de sensibilidade de 94,0%, 75,0%, 81,38% e 89,66%, e especificidade de 100%, 96,0%, 96,77% e 96,77%, frente às proteínas rSARS-CoV-2 N, S-Glic, S1-NGlic e RBDNGlic, respectivamente. Dessa forma, os dados apresentados sugerem que a urina poderia ser considerada como uma potencial amostra biológica para aplicação em plataformas de imunodiagnóstico para a infecção por SARS-CoV-2, trazendo benefícios tanto no contexto individual quanto populacional.


The Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method has been widely used to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies generated after exposure to the virus or vaccination. The sample usually used to perform the test is the serum. Thus far, no study has investigated the urine of patients as biological sample to detect specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Urine is a biological specimen with significant advantages inherent to the type of sample, which comprises non-invasive collection, easy handling and storage. In this work, we propose an in house urine-based indirect ELISA using recombinant proteins from Nucleocapsid (N) and Spike (S) of the SARSCoV-2 virus. SARS-CoV-2 recombinant N and S protein subunits (Gly-S, NonGly-S1 and NonGly-RBD) were evaluated in an ELISA platform with a panel composed about 200 urine and serum samples. The presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in urine was detected with similar or superior sensitivity and specificity to serum, in which sensitivity values of 94.0%, 75.0%, 81.38% and 89.66% were obtained, while specificity values were of 100.0%, 96.0%, 96.77% and 96.77%, respectively, against rSARS-CoV-2 N, S-Glic, S1-NGlic and RBD-NGlic proteins. In conclusion, the data presented suggest that urine could be considered as a potential biological sample for application in immunodiagnostic platforms for SARS-CoV-2 infection, with benefits to the individual and population context.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Urine , Immunologic Tests , Nucleocapsid Proteins , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Antibodies , Viruses , Recombinant Proteins , Vaccination , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Protein Subunits
6.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 22: e210114, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1365227

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the cytotoxicity of commercial reparative endodontic cements on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Material and Methods The culture of hPDLSCs was established. Cell density was set at 2 × 104 cells/well in 96-well plates. Extracts of Biodentine, Bio-C Repair, Cimmo HD, MTA Repair HP and White MTA were prepared. Then, the extracts were diluted (pure, 1:4 and 1:16) and inserted into cell-seeded wells for 24, 48, and 72 h to assess cell viability through MTT assay. hPDLSCs incubated with culture medium alone served as a negative control group. Data were analyzed by Two-Way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Results At 24 h, pure extract of MTA Repair HP and Biodentine 1:16 presented higher cell viability compared to control. Lower cell viability was found for pure extract of Cimmo HD, MTA Repair HP 1:4 and 1:16, and White MTA 1:16. At 48 h, pure extract of Bio-C Repair and MTA Repair HP presented higher cell viability compared to control. At 72 h, only the pure extract of MTA Repair HP led to higher cell proliferation compared to control. Conclusion Biodentine, Bio-C Repair and MTA Repair HP were able to induce hPDLSCs proliferation. Cimmo HD and White MTA were found to be mostly cytotoxic in hPDLSCs.


Subject(s)
Periodontal Ligament/anatomy & histology , Root Canal Filling Materials , Stem Cells/immunology , Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic/instrumentation , Dental Cements , Immunologic Tests/instrumentation , Brazil , Cell Count , Analysis of Variance , Endodontics , Primary Cell Culture
7.
Hematol., Transfus. Cell Ther. (Impr.) ; 43(4): 410-416, Oct.-Dec. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350825

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: The screening of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected blood donors using two serological techniques frequently leads to conflicting results. This fact prompted us to evaluate the diagnostic performance of four "in-house" immunodiagnostic tests and two commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Material and Methods: One hundred and seventy-nine blood donors, whose screening for Chagas disease was doubtful, underwent three in-house ELISAs, one in-house immunoblotting test (TESA-blot), and two commercial ELISAs (bioMérieux and Wiener) in an attempt to define the presence or absence of infection. Simultaneously, 29 donors with previous positive results from three conventional serological tests and 30 donors with constant negative results were evaluated. Results: The ELISA-Wiener showed the highest rate in sensitivity (98.92%) and the ELISA-bioMérieux, the highest specificity (99.45%), followed by the TESA-blot, which showed superior performance, with lower false-negative (2.18%) and false-positive (1.12%) rates. In series, the combination composed of the TESA-blot and ELISA-bioMérieux showed slightly superior performance, with trifunctional protein deficiency (TFP) = 0.01%. Conclusion: Our study confirms the high sensitivity and specificity of commercial kits. To confirm the presence or absence of T. cruzi infection, the combination of TESA-blot and ELISA-bioMérieux may be suggested as the best alternative. Individually, the TESA-blot performed the closest to the gold standard; however, it is not commercially available.


Subject(s)
Humans , Trypanosoma cruzi , Immunologic Tests , Chagas Disease , Blood Donors , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunoblotting
8.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 53(3): 285-292, 20210930.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1368685

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho fora realizar uma análise comparativa entre 13 diferentes TR (teste rápido) para HIV que possuem registro na Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Os dados foram retirados das bulas fornecidas nos sítios eletrônicos dos fabricantes dos TR. Métodos: Neste trabalho comparou-se os TR em relação aos seus parâmetros como sensibilidade, especificidade, acurácia, Valor Preditivo Positivo (VPP) e Valor Preditivo Negativo (VPN) e seus interferentes relatados em suas respectivas bulas. Resultados: Observou-se que somente um fabricante não foi condizente com os valores estipulados pelo Departamento de DST, AIDS e Hepatites Virais (DDAHV) que foi o ECO Teste com valores de sensibilidade e especificidade de 99,1% e 99,2%, respectivamente. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que os fabricantes Alere Determine, Bioclin, Bioeasy, Imunocrom, MedTeste e OnSite revelaram-se com as bulas mais completas, apresentando todos os parâmetros necessários para avaliação do desempenho dos TR em questão.


Objective: The objective of this work was to carry out a comparative analysis between 13 different RT (rapid test) for HIV that are registered with the National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa). The data were taken from the package inserts provided on the websites of the manufacturers of the RT. Methods: In this work, the RT in relation to your parameters such as sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and their interferences reported in their respective package inserts was compared. Results: We conclude that only one manufacturer does not comply with the values stipulated by the DDAHV that was the ECO Test with values of sensitivity and specificity of 99,1% and 99,2% respectively. Conclusion: The manufacturers Alere Determine, Bioclin, Bioeasy, Immunocrom, MedTest and OnSite have revealed themselves with the most complete package inserts presenting all the necessary parameters to evaluate the performance of the RT in question.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , HIV , HIV Testing , Immunologic Tests
9.
Rev. epidemiol. controle infecç ; 11(1): 32-39, jan.-mar. 2021. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362159

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives: A novel type of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is responsible for an unprecedented pandemic with profound socioeconomic consequences. Owing to its recent discovery still represents a great unknown to researchers. Thus, this study aims to establish the spatio-temporal associations of the incidence, mortality, and the rate of both rapid and RT-PCR tests in Minas Gerais. Methods: This is a quantitative analysis of secondary data based on a cross-sectional research design. Incidence, mortality, date of the first notification of COVID-19 and number of rapid and RT-PCR tests were obtained from the sources: "GAL", "e-SUS VE" and "SES-MG". Pearson coefficient for correlation was calculated to establish the level of association between the relevant data. Descriptive statistical procedures were used to provide a comprehensive understanding of the distribution of incidence, mortality and test rates in the territory. Results: Positive correlations were found between the rate of rapid tests and incidence; rate of RT-PCR tests and incidence/mortality. At the municipal level, incidence, mortality, rate of rapid tests and RT-PCR revealed a negative correlation with days elapsed since the First Notified Case. The same effect occurs at the level of health macro-regions. Conclusion: The heterogeneity of the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in the territory of Minas Gerais, as well as the rate of tests may be caused, in part, due to the different dates of introduction of the virus in the municipalities/macro-regions. It is speculated that this phenomenon occurs due to the dynamics of regional and inter-regional flows of people.(AU)


Justificativa e Objetivos: Um novo tipo de coronavírus, SARS-CoV-2, é responsável por uma pandemia sem precedentes com profundas consequências socioeconômicas. Devido à sua recente descoberta, o vírus surgido na cidade chinesa de Wuhan, em dezembro de 2019, ainda lança grandes incógnitas. Este estudo objetiva estabelecer as associações espaço-temporais da incidência; mortalidade; e taxas de testes rápidos e RT-PCR em Minas Gerais. Métodos: Trata-se de uma análise quantitativa de dados secundários a partir de um desenho de pesquisa transversal. Incidência, mortalidade, data da(s) primeira(s) notificações da doença, número de testes rápidos e de RT-PCR foram obtidos nas fontes: "Gerenciador de Ambiente Laboratorial", "e-sus VE" e SES-MG. O coeficiente de Pearson para correlação foi calculado para estabelecer o nível de associação entre os dados relevantes. Técnicas estatísticas descritivas foram empregadas para compreender a distribuição da incidência, mortalidade e taxas de testes no território. Resultados: Correlações positivas foram encontradas entre taxa de testes rápidos e incidência; taxa de testes RT-PCR e incidência/mortalidade. A nível municipal, incidência, mortalidade, taxa de testes rápidos e de RT-PCR têm correlação negativa com dias transcorridos desde o Primeiro Caso Notificado. O mesmo efeito ocorre, em diferentes intensidades, a nível das macrorregiões de saúde. Conclusão: A heterogeneidade da incidência e mortalidade da COVID-19 no território mineiro, assim como, das taxas de testes (rápidos e RT-PCR) pode ser causada, em parte, devido às diferentes datas de introdução do vírus nos municípios/macrorregiões de saúde. Especula-se que esse fenômeno se deve às dinâmicas dos fluxos regionais e inter-regionais de pessoas.(AU)


Justificación y Objetivos: El SARS-CoV-2 es responsable por una pandemia sin precedentes con profundas consecuencias socioeconómicas. Debido a su reciente descubrimiento, este vírus representa una gran incógnita para los investigadores. Así, este estudio tiene como objetivo establecer las asociaciones espacio-temporales de la incidencia, la mortalidad y la tasa de pruebas rápidas y RT-PCR en Minas Gerais. Métodos: Trata-se de un análisis cuantitativo de datos secundarios basado en un diseño de investigación transversal. Incidencia, mortalidad, fecha de la primera notificación de COVID-19 y número de pruebas rápidas y RT-PCR se obtuvieron de las fuentes: "GAL", "e-SUS VE" y "SES-MG". Se calculó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para establecer el nivel de asociación entre los datos relevantes. Se utilizaron procedimientos estadísticos descriptivos para proporcionar una comprensión integral de la distribución de la incidencia, la mortalidad y las tasas de prueba en el territorio. Resultados: Se encontraron correlaciones positivas entre la tasa de pruebas rápidas y la incidencia; tasa de pruebas de RT-PCR y incidencia/mortalidad. A nivel municipal, la incidencia, mortalidad, tasa de pruebas rápidas y RT-PCR revelaron una correlación negativa con los días transcurridos desde el Primer Caso Notificado. El mismo efecto ocorre a nivel de macrorregiones de salud. Conclusiones: La heterogeneidad de la incidencia y mortalidad de COVID-19 en el territorio de Minas Gerais, así como la tasa de pruebas puede deberse, en parte, a las diferentes fechas de introducción de la virus en los territorios. Se especula que este fenómeno ocurre debido a la dinámica de los flujos regionales e interregionales de personas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Immunologic Tests , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/mortality , COVID-19/epidemiology
11.
Rev. chil. anest ; 50(1): 27-55, 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1512386

ABSTRACT

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening clinical condition that results from the activation of mast cells/basophils, inflammatory pathways, or both. It can be specific (allergic), or non-specific (non-allergic). Most anaphylaxis are mediated by IgE, but there are also some mediated by IgM and complement activation. Incidence is about 1:10,000 anesthesia. Recent studies show that the drugs or substances mostly implicated in producing perioperative anaphylaxis are: neuromuscular blockers (60.6%), antibiotics (18.2%), patent blue dye (5.4%) and latex (5.2%). However, all drugs and substances used during anesthesia and surgery, perhaps with the sole exception of inhalation agents and crystalloids, have been reported as potentially causes of anaphylaxis. The clinical presentation is multisystemic, producing signs and symptoms mainly on skin, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and central nervous systems. In its advanced phase, it may evolve to anaphylactic shock, causing tissue hypoperfusion and leading to altered cell integrity and multiple organ failure, associated with high mortality. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation (history and clinical manifestations), biological evidence (serum tryptase levels, serum histamine levels and search for specific IgE) and allergological evidence (skin tests, provocation test, mediator release tests and tests of activation of basophils). Treatment include 3 stages: general measures, first-line or primary treatment and second-line or secondary treatment. General measures consist of: Trendelenburg position, invasive monitoring (according to the severity of the clinical presentation), 100% oxygen administration, discontinuation of drugs and/or suspected agents and asking for help. The primary treatment is epinephrine in doses proportional to the clinical manifestations, airway support, 100% oxygen and aggressive resuscitation with intravenous fluids. Secondary treatment includesadministration of bronchialodilators, corticosteroids, and antihistamines.


Una anafilaxia es una condición clínica potencialmente mortal que resulta de la activación específica (alérgica), o no específica (no alérgica) de mastocitos/ basófilos, vías inflamatorias o ambos. La mayoría de las anafilaxias son mediadas por IgE, pero también las hay por IgM y activación del complemento. Su incidencia es de 1:10.000 anestesias. En los últimos estudios, los fármacos o sustancias más implicadas en producir anafilaxia perioperatoria son los bloqueadores neuromusculares (60,6%), los antibióticos (18,2%), las tinturas azules (5,4%) y el látex (5,2%), sin embargo, todas las drogas y sustancias usadas durante la anestesia y la cirugía, tal vez con la única excepción de los agentes inhalatorios y los cristaloides, han sido reportadas como potencialmente causantes de anafilaxia. El cuadro clínico es multisistémico, originando signos y síntomas centrados en la piel y los sistemas respiratorio, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal y nervioso central. En su fase avanzada puede evolucionar a anafiláctico, causando hipoperfusión tisular y llevando a alteración en la integridad celular y falla de múltiples órganos, con alta mortalidad asociada. El diagnóstico se basa en evidencias clínicas (historia y manifestaciones clínicas), evidencias biológicas (niveles de triptasa sérica, de histamina sérica y búsqueda de IgE específicas) y evidencias alergológicas (pruebas cutáneas, test de provocación, pruebas de liberación de mediadores y pruebas de activación de basófilos. El tratamiento incluye 3 etapas: medidas generales, tratamiento de primera línea o primario y tratamiento de segunda línea o secundario. Las medidas generales consisten en poner al paciente en posición de Trendelemburg, iniciar monitorización invasiva según la intensidad del cuadro clínico, administración de oxígeno al 100%, discontinuación de drogas y/o agentes posiblemente incriminados y pedir ayuda. El tratamiento primario es la adrenalina, en dosis proporcionales a las manifestaciones clínicas, el soporte de la vía aérea manteniendo el oxígeno ql 100% y la reanimación agresiva con fluidos endovenosos. El tratamiento secundario incluye la administración de broncodilatadores, corticoesteroides y antihistamínicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anaphylaxis/diagnosis , Anaphylaxis/etiology , Anaphylaxis/therapy , Immunologic Tests , Anaphylaxis/epidemiology , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/adverse effects
12.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 64(spe): e21200147, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1285565

ABSTRACT

Abstract With the COVID-19 pandemic, many diagnostic tests (molecular or immunological) were rapidly standardised, given the urgency of the situation, many are still in the process of being validated. The main objective of this study was to review the aspects of the diagnostic kits approved in Brazil and their application in the different federative units to gather epidemiological information. In order to achieve these objectives, a survey was carried out on the data available at the regulatory agency (ANVISA) and in the literature. The main countries that have registered products in Brazil are China (51.4%), Brazil (16.6%), South Korea (9.2%), USA (8.8%) and Germany (3.6%). The methodologies of these products are based on the detection of nucleic-acid (15.8%), antigen (13%) and antibody (71.2%). In the immunological tests, it was verified that the sensitivity ranged from 55 to 100% and the specificity from 80 to 100%. The percentage of cases in the samples tested in Brazil is elevated in almost all federative units since eight states showed 40% of positive cases in tested samples, while 18 states displayed between 20 and 40%. In conclusion, this review showed that Brazil is dependent on external technology to respond to pandemics, epidemics and endemics disease and needs to improve its biotechnological scheme to solve further diseases outbreaks.


Subject(s)
Humans , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/isolation & purification , COVID-19/diagnosis , Immunologic Tests/instrumentation , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/instrumentation , Chromatography, Affinity/instrumentation , COVID-19 Testing/instrumentation , COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing/methods
13.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 41: e06814, 2021. graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1279534

ABSTRACT

The protozoan Neospora caninum is known worldwide as one of the main causes of abortion in cattle. During infection, rhoptry proteins present in the apical complex of the parasite play important roles in adhesion and parasitophorous vacuole formation. The use of N. caninum ROP2 in experimental vaccines has shown promising protective results. In our study we performed cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of an antigenic portion of N. caninum ROP2. The recombinant protein (rROP2) was obtained in insoluble form, and the purified protein showed a size of approximately 18kDa. Even being a small truncate NcROP2 region, it was possible to conserve the antigenic epitopes which were recognized by bovine serum naturally infected with N. caninum. Vaccination with rROP2 on aluminum hydroxide adjuvant induced high levels of rROP2-specific IgG antibodies capable of recognizing native protein in tachyzoite lysates. In conclusion, our approaches were effective in obtaining the rROP2 protein, which induced specific mouse immune response and was also recognized by sera from N. caninum naturally infected cattle. These results suggest that it is a promising antigen for the development of neosporosis subunit vaccines as well as a suitable antigen for use in immunodiagnosis.(AU)


O protozoário Neospora caninum é conhecido mundialmente como uma das principais causas de aborto em bovinos. Durante a infecção, as proteínas rhoptry presentes no complexo apical do parasita desempenham papel importante na adesão e formação de vacúolos parasitóforos. O uso de ROP2 de N. caninum em vacinas experimentais tem mostrado resultados de proteção promissores. Em nosso estudo, realizamos a clonagem e expressão em Escherichia coli de uma porção antigênica de N. caninum ROP2. A proteína recombinante (rROP2) foi obtida na forma insolúvel, e a proteína purificada apresentou tamanho aproximado de 18kDa. Mesmo sendo uma pequena região truncada de NcROP2, foi possível conservar os epítopos antigênicos que foram reconhecidos pelo soro de bovinos naturalmente infectados com N. caninum. A vacinação com rROP2 adsorvida no adjuvante de hidróxido de alumínio induziu altos níveis de anticorpos IgG anti-rROP2, capazes de reconhecer a proteína nativa em lisados de taquizoítos. Em conclusão, nossas abordagens foram eficazes na obtenção da proteína rROP2, que induziu resposta imune específica em camundongos e também foi reconhecida por soros de bovinos naturalmente infectados com N. caninum. Estes resultados sugerem que rROP2 é um antígeno promissor para o desenvolvimento de vacinas de subunidades de neosporose, bem como um antígeno adequado para uso em imunodiagnóstico.(AU)


Subject(s)
Immunologic Tests , Immunoglobulin G , Vaccines , Neospora , Cloning, Organism
14.
Lima; Perú. Ministerio de Salud; 20200600. 9 p.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, MINSAPERU | ID: biblio-1102298

ABSTRACT

El documento contiene el procedimiento para el control y vigilancia del ingreso, distribución, comercialización, uso, registro de resultados y control de calidad de los dispositivos de diagnóstico in vitro: pruebas rápidas y moleculares para el COVID-19.


Subject(s)
Immunologic Tests , Guidelines as Topic , COVID-19
15.
Lima; Perú. Ministerio de Salud; 20200400. 17 p.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, MINSAPERU | ID: biblio-1095614

ABSTRACT

El documento contiene las consideraciones éticas para la investigación en salud con seres humanos basadas en estándares internacionales sobre ética de la investigación con seres humanos recogidos en las Pautas éticas internacionales para investigación.


Subject(s)
Immunologic Tests , Humans , Biomedical Research , Codes of Ethics
17.
Lima; Perú. Poder Ejecutivo; 20200300. 3 p.
Non-conventional in Spanish | LILACS, MINSAPERU | ID: biblio-1116591

ABSTRACT

El Decreto contiene las medidas adicionales extraordinarias que permitan adoptar las acciones preventivas y de respuesta para reducir el riesgo de propagación y el impacto sanitario de la enfermedad causada por el virus del COVID-19, en el territorio nacional, con la finalidad de reforzar los sistemas de prevención, control, vigilancia y respuesta sanitaria, preservar la salud y el empleo de los trabajadores; y de esta forma coadyuvar a disminuir la afectación de la economía peruana por la propagación del mencionado virus a nivel nacional.


Subject(s)
Immunologic Tests , Surveillance in Disasters , Decrees , Diagnosis , COVID-19
18.
São Paulo; s.n; 2020. 165 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-TESESESSP, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1368422

ABSTRACT

Angiostrongylus cantonensis é o agente etiológico da neuroangiostrongilíase, o qual se desenvolve em diversas espécies de moluscos e atinge a fase adulta em vertebrados, principalmente roedores, com a possibilidade de participação de hospedeiros paratênicos. A transmissão humana ocorre por meio da preparação inadequada e consumo de moluscos ou hospedeiros de transporte infectados, onde a migração de larvas L3 para o sistema nervoso central causa o quadro de meningite eosinofílica. O diagnóstico laboratorial da patologia é baseado em testes moleculares, que podem apresentar baixa sensibilidade em regiões não endêmicas, e imunológicos utilizando antígenos brutos de fêmeas jovens e adultas, com sensibilidades e especificidades variadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar diferentes preparações antigênicas de fases evolutivas distintas de A. cantonensis, com o intuito de aperfeiçoar as técnicas sorológicas para o imunodiagnóstico da doença. Para tanto, fêmeas adultas foram avaliadas pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta em cortes parafinados para a focalização de regiões antigênicas no corpo do parasita. Além disso, frações antigênicas de diferentes formas evolutivas foram avaliadas pelas técnicas Dot-ELISA e Western blot com soros e LCRs. Os resultados apontam para a presença de proteínas antigênicas no sistema reprodutivo de fêmeas, além da possibilidade de melhoria do diagnóstico com a utilização de antígenos brutos de fêmeas em associação com antígenos alcalinos de membrana extraídos de vermes adultos para auxiliar no diagnóstico e desencadear ações de vigilância e controle da angiostrongilíase meningoencefálica.


Subject(s)
Immunologic Tests , Angiostrongylus cantonensis , Meningitis
19.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 115: e200201, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1135281

ABSTRACT

Angiostrongylus costaricensis is the causative agent of abdominal angiostrongyliasis, a zoonotic infection that may produce severe eosinophilic enterocolitis or hepatitis in humans. Parasites are usually not released in stools and serology has an important role in diagnosis. Since cross-reactivity is demonstrated between A. costaricensis and another metastrongylid worm, A. cantonensis, we tested heterologous recombinant galectin as a probe in an immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic test (ICT-RDT) for detection of anti-A. costaricensis antibodies. Almost all (11/12) positive control sera from A. costaricensis infected patients were positive at ICT RDT. These are preliminary indications that r-galectin ICT-RDT is useful for diagnosing A. costaricensis infection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Strongylida Infections/diagnosis , Angiostrongylus cantonensis , Angiostrongylus , Immunologic Tests , Immunoassay
20.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 115: e200287, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154869

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND The heat-labile nature of Dengue virus (DENV) in serum samples must be considered when applying routine diagnostic tests to avoid issues that could impact the accuracy of test results with direct implications for case management and disease reporting. OBJECTIVES To check if pre-analytical variables, such as storage time and temperature, have an impact on the accuracy of the main routine diagnostic tests for dengue. METHODS Virus isolation, reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and NS1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were evaluated using 84 samples submitted to different pre-analytical conditions. FINDINGS Sensitivity and negative predictive value were directly affected by sample storage conditions. RT-PCR and virus isolation showed greater dependence on well-conserved samples for an accurate diagnosis. Interestingly, even storage at -30ºC for a relatively short time (15 days) was not adequate for accurate results using virus isolation and RT-PCR tests. On the other hand, NS1 ELISA showed no significant reduction in positivity for aliquots tested under the same conditions as in the previous tests. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results support the stability of the NS1 marker in ELISA diagnosis and indicate that the accuracy of routine tests such as virus isolation and RT-PCR is significantly affected by inadequate transport and storage conditions of serum samples.


Subject(s)
Humans , Immunologic Tests/methods , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/immunology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Dengue/diagnosis , Dengue Virus/isolation & purification , Antigens, Viral/blood , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics , Dengue/blood , Dengue/virology , Dengue Virus/genetics , Dengue Virus/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Antigens, Viral/immunology
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